Published Date: 2002-02-15 23:50:00
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Botswana: OIE Report (02)
Archive Number: 20020215.3568
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - BOTSWANA: OIE REPORT (02)
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See Also
Foot & mouth disease - Botswana: OIE report 20020213.35502001
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Foot & mouth disease - Zimbabwe 20010821.1973
Foot & mouth dis. - Swaziland 20010201.0219
Foot & mouth Disease - S. Africa (N. Prov) 20010205.0233
2000
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Foot & mouth dis., bovine - S. Africa (KwaZulu Natal) 20001013.1748
Foot & mouth dis. - S. Africa (KwaZulu Natal) (02) 20001113.1984
1999
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Foot & mouth disease - Botswana: suspected 19990715.1188
1997
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Foot & mouth disease, control - Botswana (03) 19970506.0923
Foot & mouth disease, control - Botswana 19970329.0657
Date: 15 Feb 2002
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE [edited
<http://www.oie.int/eng/info/hebdo/a_current.htm#Sec2>
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BOTSWANA
(Date of last reported outbreak: September 1980).
Emergency report: Information received on 9 and 14 Feb 2002 from Dr
Motshudi V. Raborokgwe, Director of Animal Health and Production,
Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone:
Report date: 14 Feb 2002.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Date of initial detection of animal health incident: 7 Feb 2002.
Estimated date of first infection: 31 Jan 2002.
Outbreaks:
Location Matsiloje extension area* (21 deg 31 min 099 sec S - 27 deg
52 min 598 sec E), Francistown district
No. of outbreaks 1 crush
* an extension area is a defined area usually comprising 8 -10 crushes
manned by a veterinary assistant.
Description of affected population: the disease is limited to cattle
(bovine animals of various age groups) in one crush area called
Lephaneng.
Total number of animals in the outbreak:
species / susceptible / cases / deaths / destroyed / slaughtered
bov / 700 / 66 / 0 / 0 / 0
Diagnosis:
A. Laboratory where diagnosis was made: Botswana Vaccine Institute
(OIE Reference Laboratory for foot and mouth disease [FMD).
B. Causal agent: virus type SAT 2. Additional samples have been
forwarded to the OIE Reference Laboratory in Pirbright, United
Kingdom, for virus characterisation.
Epidemiology:
- The outbreak occurred in a zone that was recognised by the OIE as an
'FMD-free zone without vaccination' (see below: Note by the OIE
Central Bureau).
- Clinical search of the disease in a targeted 60-km x 10-km area
revealed the affected population to reside in kraals falling within
only one crush area (epidemiological unit). A total of 66 out of the
8000 cattle clinically inspected (mouthed) had lesions, all at the
said crush-pen. Close examination of affected animals showed
characteristic clinical signs of lameness and oral and feet ulcers.
Animals in other crush-pens did not show any FMD lesions, indicating
that possibly the disease is still confined to only one crush.
Measures taken:
a. Modified stamping-out policy: infected animals were impounded and
will be destroyed as soon as possible.
b. Area demarcation:
- The infected area has been determined; it is physically delineated
by fenced freehold farms to the north, west, and south and the
veterinary cordon fence along the border with Zimbabwe to the east. -
The adjacent area is the surveillance zone where all animals are being
mouthed and serologically sampled.
c. Vaccination: All animals in the infected area are being vaccinated
with a locally produced trivalent SAT 1, 2, 3 vaccine, to limit
disease spread. Vaccinated animals are identified with brand "I".
d. Quarantine and movement restriction:
- Country-wide ban on the movement of cloven-hoofed animals.
- All abattoirs (export and non-export abattoirs) have been closed
indefinitely.
e. Biosecurity: All people and vehicles leaving the infected area and
Veterinary Disease Control Zones Nos. 6 and 7 are thoroughly
dipped/sprayed with 4 percent sodium carbonate or virucidal
disinfectant. Veterinary officials working in the area observe
appropriate bio-security measures.
NOTE BY THE OIE CENTRAL BUREAU
Botswana: Suspension of the status of the "FMD free zone where
vaccination is not practised" Following the laboratory confirmation of
an outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Francistown district,
within the zone recognised by the OIE as being free from FMD without
vaccination, the status of this zone as an "FMD free zone where
vaccination is not practised" has been suspended.
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Foot and mouth disease outbreaks often start with a few animals in a
single location. Why the outbreak occurs at a particular place and
time is often hard to reconstruct. Sometimes the initial response
taken will stamp out the disease. The key question is whether or not
Botswana can contain a fast-moving disease in a population that is
unvaccinated and hasn't seen the disease in over 20 years. In any
case, the current loss of disease-free status will be a blow to the
economic fortunes of the country. Any information on the current
status, special factors affecting the epidemiology in Botswana, and
special husbandry conditions helpful in understanding the outbreak
would be appreciated. - Mod.PC
...................pc/pg/jw
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