Published Date: 2002-12-10 23:50:00
Subject: PRO> Typhoid fever - Tajikistan (Murghob) (02)
Archive Number: 20021210.6028
TYPHOID FEVER - TAJIKISTAN (MURGHOB) (02)
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[1]
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 08:41:23 +0200
From: Steve Berger <mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
Source: Gideon Online [edited]
<http://www.GideonOnline.com>
Background information on typhoid in Tajikistan
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1865 cases were reported in 1996; an estimated 24 000 during 1996 to
1999; 7335 in 1999; 4415 in 2000.
Rates per 100 000: 118.3 in 1999; 70.7 in 2000.
An epidemic (most in Kulyab; 34 percent below age 14) was reported
during May to June 1996. This and subsequent outbreaks numbered
almost 400[0] cases, and were ascribed to a breakdown in drinking
water supply following dissolution of the USSR.
During 1997, an outbreak of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever spread
from Dushanbe (8901 cases - 95 fatal) to Kulyab and Tursunzade;
municipal water was identified as the source.
52 typhoid fatalities were reported in 1981; 46 in 1982; 32 in 1985;
44 in 1986; 36 in 1987; 22 in 1988; 19 in 1989; 15 in 1990; 10 in
1992.
89 cases of paratyphoid were reported in 1999; 60 in 2000. Rates per
100 000: 1.4 in 1999; 0.9 in 2000.
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[2]
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 15:30:34 +0700
From: Dr. Henry Wilde <docwilde@loxinfo.co.th>
Would be interesting to know how the diagnosis was made in the index
cases. By culture? Widal test (unreliable but the most common way in
Asia) or by other means. A large-scale outbreak of typhus in the
Cambodian refugee camps was first (and for some time) diagnosed and
treated as enteric fever.
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ProMED-mail
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[The report does not specifically state the method of diagnosis but
does say that a blood test was used initially. Cultures of the blood
or bone marrow (the latter with a higher yield) are the best
diagnostic tests; only about 30 percent of stools are positive for
_S. enterica_ serotype _typhi_ during acute typhoid fever.
The Widal test, measuring antibodies against H and O antigens of the
organism, can have false positive and false negatives, but some
centers (Papua New Guinea and Vietnam) have found it useful. - Mod.LL]
See Also
Typhoid fever - Tajikistan (Murghob) 20021209.6026Typhoid fever - Samoa: request for information 20021031.5673
Typhoid fever, school outbreak - Philippines 20020722.4839
Typhoid, prisoners - Kenya (Mombasa) 20020524.4312
2001
----
Typhoid fever - Kyrgyzstan 20010816.1935
Typhoid fever? - Kenya (Nakuru) 20010606.1113
Typhoid fever - Kenya (Embu) (03) 20010307.0465
Typhoid fever - Kenya (Embu) 20010223.0348
2000
----
Typhoid fever - Saudi Arabia (02) 20001218.2211
Typhoid fever - Saudi Arabia: Correction 20001215.2196
Typhoid fever - United Arab Emirates 20001213.2174
Typhoid fever - Kazakhstan (Almaty) 20001116.2006
Typhoid fever - Russia (Tula Region) (02) 20001031.1899
Typhoid fever - Russia (Tula Region) 20001026.1859
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