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Published Date: 2006-05-12 00:00:00
Subject: PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update 2006 (20)
Archive Number: 20060512.1352

CHOLERA, DIARRHEA & DYSENTERY UPDATE 2006 (20)
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A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
In this update:
Africa
[1], [2] Cholera - Angola
[3] Cholera - Uganda (Kitgum)
Asia
[4] Cholera - Sudan (south)
[5] Dysentery - Kenya (North Eastern Province)
Asia
[6] Cholera - Malaysia (Sabah)
[7] Cholera - India (Delhi)
[8] Cholera - Worldwide - WHO WER Notifications
*****
[1] Cholera - Angola
Date: Wed, 10 May 2006
From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
Source: WHO Outbreak Reports [edited]
<http://www.who.int/csr/don/2006_05_10/en/index.html>

Angola has reported a total of 30 612 cases and 1 156 deaths (case
fatality rate (CFR) 4 percent) from 19 Feb to 8 May 2006. Of these
cases, 50 percent have occurred in Luanda province (CFR 1 percent),
25 percent in Benguela province (CFR 7 percent), 10 percent in
Malanje (CFR 6 percent) and Kuanza Norte (CFR 5 percent) provinces. A
further 5 other provinces have reported between 3 and 155 cases with
a CFR ranging from 1-33 percent.
The peak of the outbreak occurred 3 weeks ago in Benguela and Bengo
provinces. However, in the other provinces the outbreak has just
started or is still spreading.
The Ministry of Health has established a provincial task force,
including WHO, UNICEF, International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies (IFRC), Medecins sans Frontieres (Spain, Holland,
France and Switzerland) and Medecins du Monde (MdM), to plan and
coordinate the response to the outbreak in Luanda Province.
WHO is assisting the task force and has provided 7 tons of emergency
supplies for the immediate response. Furthermore, an epidemiologist,
a public health specialist and a water and sanitation engineer have
been dispatched to support control activities in the field.
Control activities are difficult in view of the precarious water and
sanitation situation, particularly in urban areas and Luanda Province.
--
ProMED-mail

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[2] Cholera - Angola
Date: Tue, 9 May 2006
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: UNICEF [edited]
<http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EVOD-6PNBUR?OpenDocument>

As of 8 May 2006, 30 612 cumulative cases of cholera and 1145 deaths
have been registered. Significant rains have exacerbated the
situation and leading to a significant increase in daily cases.
Through Government and WHO surveillance 76 500 cases are estimated to
occur between Apr and Sep 2006.
Province / Cases (last 24 h) / Deaths (last 24 h) / Cases (13
Feb-8May) / Deaths (13 Feb-8May) / Case fatality rate (percent)
Bengo / 22 / 1 / 1817 / 77 / 4
Benguela / 64 / 2 / 6881 / 486 / 7
Bie / 0 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 33
Kwanza Norte / 32 / 3 / 2942 / 161 / 5
Kwanza Sul / 4 / 0 / 58 / 4 / 7
Luanda / 343 / 2 / 15 488 / 219 / 1
Huambo / 0 / 0 / 13 / 4 / 31
Huila / 11 / 2 / 133 / 19 / 14
Malanje / 105 / 0 / 3122 / 183 / 6
Zaire / 0 / 0 / 155 / 2 / 1
Total / 581 / 10 / 30 612 / 1156 / 4
Affected communities need treatment centers, safe water, excreta
disposal facilities, social mobilization including hygiene education
and information on preventative behaviour and the need to seek care
early on.
Since 13 Feb 2006, UNICEF, WHO, the Ministry of Health (MoH) and
other key implementing agencies, have supported a response to cholera
Angola. The National Cholera Task Force, meets every day and,
sub-groups meet for affected provinces, case management, case
surveillance, safe water, and social mobilization. Surveillance is
ongoing to monitor the spread of the outbreak, predict its movement
and identify its sources.
Cholera treatment centers have been established in affected areas
with provision of medical supplies and technical guidance.
Water chlorination is in place for populations in affected areas,
coupled with provision of distribution points.
Capacity building of health staff in all provinces to provide
effective treatment for current and potential cases.
Social mobilization in affected and non-affected provinces providing
information on awareness of cholera, and how to prevent and treat it,
reaching more than 850 000 people nationwide.
In non-cholera affected provinces UNICEF is working with the
provincial governments to develop plans of action to minimise the
risk of cholera entering those provinces and the impact if it does.
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The above URL has a map of Angola with all of the affected provinces
highlighted. - Mod.LL]
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[3] Cholera - Uganda (Kitgum)
Date: Mon, 8 May 2006
From: ProMED-mail<promed@promedmail.org>
Source: African News Dimension [edited]
<http://www.andnetwork.com/index?service=direct/0/Home/recent.fullStory&sp=l33714>

As a cholera epidemic at Agoro Internally Displaced People's Camp in
Kitgum comes to an end, medical workers in the district are facing a
new challenge with the outbreak of the disease in a 2nd camp for the
internally displaced people in northern Uganda.
The Kitgum District Director of Health Services, Dr. Vincent Oringa,
disclosed that over the past 2 days, 18 internally displaced people
in Potika camp have been admitted with cholera. He says they were
admitted at the Cholera Treatment Unit at Potika Health Center, which
is located about 50 miles north of Kitgum town. Dr. Oringa says it is
suspected that the cholera spread when people from Agoro camp when to
Potika for a funeral ceremony. He says the office of the District
Director of Health Services is mobilizing medical personnel and
medicine to be taken to Potika.
At the height of the cholera epidemic in Agoro, 124 patients were
admitted at the Cholera Isolation Tent. No fatalities were recorded.
The IDP camps are known to face a many health-related problems due to
congestion as a result of many people living in one camp.
[Byline: Gerald Businge]
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[4] Cholera - Sudan (south)
Date: Fri, 12 May 2006
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: International Committee of the Red Cross [edited]
<http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/sudan-news-120506?OpenDocument>
The cholera outbreak that started at the beginning of 2006 and spread from Yei
to Juba, is now being reported in 6 of the 10 states in Southern Sudan.
Currently, the ICRC is supporting the treatment of patients suffering from
acute watery diarrhea (AWD) at the Juba Teaching Hospital. In Apr 2006, the
organization donated to health centers in Akobo, Bor, Pochalla (Jonglei
State), Lafon, Pacidi and Liriya (Eastern Equatoria State), Yei and Rokon
(Central Equatoria State [also called Bahr al Jebel - Mod. LL]).
Preparations are under way to erect 2 Rubb Hall units and 7 tents to
accommodate patients from the 500-bed Juba Teaching Hospital during the
renovation and rehabilitation of the premises. Some 150 to 160 patients will
be housed in the tents at any time, The renovation work is scheduled to begin
in this month and will last for approximately a year.
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[A map of Sudan showing the 3 affected states in southern Sudan can be found
at: <http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/sudan.pdf> - Mod. LL]
*****
[5] Dysentery - Kenya (North Eastern Province)
Date: Fri, 12 May 2006
From: S K Sharif <sksharif@ikenya.com>
11 cases of deaths due to dysentery have been reported by the Ministry of
Health in Kenya. The deaths occurred in Kotulu area in El Wak division of
Mandera District in North Eastern Province. The total number of cases of
dysentery reported were 37.
The initial laboratory results indicate bacillary dysentery; further results
are being awaited. The samples had to be taken to Nairobi since there are no
laboratory facilities in the district. The outbreak started around 3rd week of
Apr 2006. The team investigating the outbreak has identified a water pond
as the source of the outbreak. The water pond was used as the source of
drinking water, washing and was also used by animals.
The area has been affected by a prolonged drought followed by excessive
rainfall. Most of the deaths occurred at homes and the nearest health facility
reported only 1 death. The high case fatality may be explained by the poor
nutritional status due to the prolonged drought in North Eastern Province.
--
Dr.S.K Sharif
Ministry of Health, Kenya
[ProMED thanks Dr. Sharif for this direct report. A map of Kenya showing the
location of El Wak in the North Eastern Province can be found at:
<http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/kenya.pdf>
****
[6] Cholera - Malaysia (Sabah)
Date: Fri, 12 May 2006
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: Bernama.com [edited]
<http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/state_news/news.php?id=196892&cat=sbe>

100 are being treated and quarantined at the Kota Belud Hospital
after cholera was detected in 18 villages in the district 2 weeks
ago. Of the total, 24 have been categorised as cholera patients, 59
active carriers and 17 had diarrhea.
State Deputy Director of Health (public health) Dr Yusof Ibrahim said
a team of 16 health officers and paramedics has been sent to the
district to assist in the control and prevention efforts to contain
the disease from spreading to other areas.
Dr Yusof said the 100 cases were believed to have originated from a
wedding party at a village in the district before spreading to other
villages. He said the Health Department had taken food and drink
samples from suspected areas for analyses.
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[A map of Malaysia showing the location of Kota Kinabalu in Sabah can
be found at:
<http://geography.about.com/library/cia/ncmalaysia.htm> - Mod.LL]
******
[7] Cholera - India (Delhi)
Date: Thu, 5 May 2006
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: NewKerala.com [edited]
<http://www.newkerala.com/news2.php?action=fullnews&id=54237>

Delhi has reported 222 cases of cholera in the last 4 months and
authorities here blame it on the poor quality of drinking water.
"The capital has reported 222 cholera cases as against 92 in the
corresponding period in 2005. But we are not triggering the warning
bell as the situation is well under control," said N.K. Yadav, deputy
municipal health officer of Delhi.
"Waterborne diseases may be common in summer, but the poor drinking
water quality is a major reason for the number of cases. We are
working in collaboration with the Delhi Jal Board to deal with the
situation," Yadav told IANS.
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[8] Cholera - Worldwide - WHO WER Notifications
Date: Fri, 12 May 2006
From: Marianne Hopp <mjhopp12@yahoo.com>
Source: WHO Epidemiological Record [edited]
<http://www.who.int/wer/2006/wer8119/en/index.html>

Notifications of cholera received from 5 to 11 May 2006
-------------------------------------------------------
Country/Dates/Cases/Deaths
Africa
Angola 29 Apr-4 May 2006/ 5 175/ 111
Malawi 11 - 3- Apr 2006/ 116/ 2
Uganda 27 Mar-2 Apr 2006/ 49/ 0
Tanzania 27 Mar-30 Apr 2006/3 516/ 47
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

See Also