Published Date: 2007-02-28 10:00:02
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (44): Kuwait, OIE
Archive Number: 20070228.0713
AVIAN INFLUENZA (44): KUWAIT, OIE
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Date: Mon 26 Feb 2007
From: ProMED-mail <promed@promedmail.org>
Source: OIE Disease Information, WAHID 2007; 20(9) [edited]
<http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/public.php?page=weekly_report_index&admin=0>
Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Kuwait
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Information received on (and dated) 26 Feb 2007 from Dr Mohammed Wael
Al-Muhanna, deputy director general for animal resources, Animal Resources,
Public Authority for Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, Kuwait, Kuwait.
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Start date: 13 Feb 2007
Date of confirmation of event: 18 Feb 2007
Date submitted to OIE: 27 Feb 2007
Reason for notification: first occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, Serotype H5N1
Nature of diagnosis: suspicion, laboratory (basic), laboratory (advanced),
necropsy
Report pertains to: entire country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1: Kuwait Zoo, Al Omaria, Al Omaria (Al Farwaniyah)
Date of start of outbreak: 17 Jan 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: not applicable
Species: birds
Susceptible: 1000
Cases: 7
Deaths: 5
Destroyed: 2
Slaughtered: 0
Affected population: Different types of birds are kept in the zoo; however,
only falcons were affected by the disease. In response to the outbreak,
other susceptible birds in the zoo were vaccinated.
Outbreak 2: Wafra, Wafra, Al Wafra (Al Ahmadi)
Date of start of outbreak: 13 Feb 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Species: birds
Susceptible: 15
Cases: 15
Deaths: 15
Destroyed: 0
Slaughtered: 0
Outbreak 3: Nwasib, Al Nwasib, Al Nwasib (Al Ahmadi)
Date of start of outbreak: 22 Feb 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Species: birds
Susceptible: 114
Cases: 20
Deaths: 20
Destroyed: 94
Slaughtered: 0
Affected population: a backyard farm with different types of birds
including chickens, turkeys, ducks, and pigeons. Chickens and turkeys were
affected by the disease.
Outbreak 4: Wafra, Al Wafra, Al Wafra (Al Ahmadi)
Date of start of outbreak: 20 Feb 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Susceptible: 670
Cases: 2
Deaths: 0
Destroyed: 668
Slaughtered: 0
Affected population: a backyard farm that includes chickens, geese, ducks,
guinea fowls, and pigeons. Infection was detected in the farm during
surveillance following the 1st confirmed case in the area. Antibody was
detected in 2 guinea fowls.
Outbreak 5: Um Alhiman, Um Alhiman, Um Alhiman (Al Ahmadi)
Date of start of outbreak: 17 Feb 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Susceptible: 47
Cases: 2
Deaths: 2
Destroyed: 45
Slaughtered: 0
Affected population: backyard chickens
Outbreak 6: Wafra, Al Wafra, Al Wafra, (Al Ahmadi)
Date of start of outbreak: 22 Feb 2007
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not submitted)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Susceptible: 1805
Cases: 1
Deaths: 1
Destroyed: 1804
Affected population: A backyard farm with a variety of birds including
chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pigeons. Tissue sample from a dead turkey
tested positive for H5N1.
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 6
Total animals affected
Species: Birds
Susceptible: 3651
Cases: 47
Deaths: 43
Destroyed: 2613
Slaughtered: 0
Outbreak statistics
Species: Birds
Apparent morbidity rate: 1.29 per cent
Apparent mortality rate: 1.18 per cent
Apparent case fatality rate: 91.49 per cent
Proportion susceptible removed*: 72.75 per cent
* Removed from the susceptible population either through death,
destruction, or slaughter
Epidemiology
Source of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: the 1st case occurred in falcons and then reports
of mortality in poultry followed. The 1st mortality report of chickens was
received from 2 individuals. The individuals purchased the birds from
markets 2 days before their death. Consequently, surveillance was
intensified across the country.
Note by the OIE Animal Health Information Department:
The 1st occurrence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza infection was
reported in November 2005 (see Disease Information 2005; 18[46]: 445, 18
Nov [at <http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/reports/en_051118v18n46.pdf>]). This
is the 1st occurrence of the disease in this country.
Diagnostic test results:
Laboratory name and type: Department of Veterinary Laboratory and Research
(National laboratory)
Species: birds
Test: rapid tests
Test date: 18 Feb 2007
Result: positive
Species: birds
Test: real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Test date: 20 Feb 2007
Result: positive
Laboratory name and type: VLA Weybridge, UK (OIE's Reference Laboratory)
Species: birds
Test: real-time PCR
Test date: 23 Feb 2007
Result positive
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[As a reminder, maps are almost always attached to the Office International
des Epizooties' World Animal Health Information Ddatabase (WAHID) reports
now. In this case it is a very instructive illustration because the disease
has spread to 5 sites in the southern part of the country, near the Persian
Gulf, over the past week. Note that the original outbreak at the Kuwait Zoo
occurred in the middle of January 2007.
In this case, vaccination of non-affected species was the control tactic
chosen by the zoo animal health authorities. Of course, managing an
outbreak at a zoo, particularly if endangered species are present, is a
complicated decision tree -- see moderator comments for ProMED-mail
posting: Avian influenza - Asia (28): Indonesia, zoo birds 20050919.2768.
It would be valuable to know what vaccine strain was used and whether
adequate protection was achieved over all zoo species in the collection.
This information is especially valuable since there is no indication of
quarantine for the zoo birds, so exposure to people would be an unfortunate
possibility should protective immunity not be fully realized. - Mod.PC]
See Also
Avian influenza (42): Kuwait, Pakistan 20070225.068720006
---
Avian influenza (174) - Viet Nam, Germany, wild birds 20060806.2197
2005
---
Avian influenza - Eurasia (71): wild birds, Viet Nam, UK, Kuwait 20051120.3375
Avian influenza - Asia (28): Indonesia, zoo birds 20050919.2768
Avian influenza - Asia (27): Indonesia, zoo birds 20050918.2760
.................pc/mj/sh
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