Published Date: 2009-10-23 23:50:00
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Influenza, H3N2, mink - Denmark, OIE
Archive Number: 20091023.3660
INFLUENZA, H3N2, MINK - DENMARK, OIE
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Date: 23 Oct 2009
Source: OIE WAHID (World Animal Health
Information Database) Disease Information 2009; 22(44) [edited]
<http://www.oie.int/wahid-prod/public.php?page=weekly_report_index&admin=0>
Influenza A (H3N2), Denmark
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Information received on 23 Oct 2009 from Dr Jan
Mousing, Chief Veterinary Officer, Danish
Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of
Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Soborg, Denmark
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Start date 28 Sep 2009
Date of 1st confirmation of the event 21 Oct 2009
Report date 23 Oct 2009
Date submitted to OIE 23 Oct 2009
Reason for notification: Emerging disease
Morbidity 1.3 percent
Mortality 0.5 percent
Zoonotic impact: The potential for infecting
humans is unknown, but cannot be ruled out
Causal agent Influenza A (H3N2)
Serotype Other
This event pertains to the whole country
New outbreaks
Outbreak 1 Holstebro, Holstebro, North
Date of start of the outbreak 28 Sep 2009
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm
Species other species
Susceptible 15000
Cases 200
Deaths 80
Destroyed 0
Slaughtered 0
Affected Population: The holding consists of
minks (Mustela vison) for fur production. The
clinical signs have been seen in the upper
respiratory organs as sneezing and coughing followed by pneumonia.
Summary of outbreaks: Total outbreaks: 1
Species other species
Apparent morbidity rate 1.33 percent
Apparent mortality rate 0.53 percent
Apparent case fatality rate 40.00 percent
Proportion susceptible animals lost* 0.53 percent
* Removed from the susceptible population through
death, destruction and/or slaughter
Epidemiology: Source of the outbreak(s) or origin
of infection. Unknown or inconclusive
Control measures: Measures applied - Quarantine;
Movement control inside the country; Screening; No vaccination;
No treatment of affected animals.
Measures to be applied: No other measures
Future Reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[Minks are a closely related species to ferrets.
A pet ferret was found to have H1N1 in Oregon
earlier this week. However, in this case we have
a different influenza strain in a commercial
farming operation of minks. H3N2 infections in
minks have been known since at least the mid-1980s.
H3N2 influenza viruses have been played a
prominent role in the panolopy of influenza
viruses in both humans and animals which get hold
of our attention. The 1968 Hong Kong influenza in
humans was an H3N2, swine in Europe have been
infected for decades with an H3N2, and an H3N2
swine strain became a prominent virus in the
North American swine population in 1998. H3N2 has
been isolated from turkeys in USA. An H3N2 strain
is part of the current 2009-2010 vaccine for
seasonal flu in humans, and a new H3N2 variant
not included in the vaccine has emerged about the
same time as the novel, pandemic H1N1 last spring.
As is the case with H1N1, it is critically
important to do surveillance in both the affected
animal population and people to try as best we
can to establish time ordering of events and the
directionality of transmission. The key to this
is comprehensive, integrated outbreak
investigations in geographically co-located animal and human subpopulations.
References
----------
T Ito, Y Kawaoka. Host-range barrier of
influenza A viruses Veterinary microbiology
[0378-1135] Ito yr:2000 vol:74 iss:1-2 pg:71
Klingeborn, B., Englund, L., Rott, R., Juntti, N.
and Rockborn, G., 1985. An avian influenza A
virus killing a mammalian species the mink. Arch. Virol. 86, pp. 347351
Webster, R.G., Bean, W.J., Gorman, O.T.,
Chambers, T.M. and Kawaoka, Y., 1992. Evolution
and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev. 56, pp. 152179. - Mod.PC]
See Also
Seasonal influenza (H3N2) virus - potential vaccine mismatch 20090724.26232005
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Avian influenza, H3N2, turkeys - USA (NC) 20050208.0432
2004
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Avian influenza, H3N2, poultry - USA (MO) 20040916.2577
....................sb/pc/ejp/mpp
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