Published Date: 2012-02-14 10:19:22
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Plague, fatal - Uganda (02): background
Archive Number: 20120214.1041629
PLAGUE, FATAL - UGANDA (02): BACKGROUND
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Tue 14 Feb 2012
Source: GideonOnline [edited]
http://www.GideonOnline.com
The following background data on plague in Uganda are abstracted from Gideon (http://www.GideonOnline.com) and the Gideon e-book series (1, 2) (primary references available on request):
The earliest record of plague in Africa was a report by missionaries in Uganda in 1877, and reporting statistics for much of the continent have been documented for more than 100 years. A series of plague epidemics were recorded in East Africa during the 1920s and 1930s (see graph 3; http://www.gideononline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Uganda-Plague.png).
31 305 plague deaths were reported in Uganda during 1910 to 1919; 17 410 during 1920 to 1929; 11 387 during 1930 to 1939.
Presumed local reservoirs include the Nile rat, _Arvicanthus niloticus_. Presumed local flea vectors include _Xenopsylla cheopis_ and _X. brasiliensis_.
Notable outbreaks:
1982 - an outbreak (152 cases, 3 fatal) was reported.
1986 - an outbreak (340 cases, 27 fatal) was reported.
1993 - an outbreak (167 cases, 18 fatal) was reported in Western Region (Nebbi district).
1998 - an outbreak was reported in Arua district.
2001 - an outbreak was reported in Nebbi district.
2004 - an outbreak (4 cases, one confirmed, 3 fatal) of pneumonic plague was reported in Kango subcounty.
2006 - an outbreak (127 cases, 11 fatal) was reported in Arua and Nebbi districts, including 12 cases of pneumonic plague.
2007 - outbreaks (179 cases, total) were reported in Masindi district (19 cases, 9 fatal), and in Arua (121 cases, 10 fatal) and Nebbi (39 cases, 9 fatal).
2008 - an outbreak (68 deaths) was reported in Arua and Nebbi.
References
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1. Berger SA. Infectious diseases of Uganda, 2012. 398 pp, 61 graphs, 1711 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-uganda/.
2. Berger SA. Plague: global status, 2012. 98 pp, 102 graphs, 524 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/plague-global-status/.
3. Gideon graph tool at http://www.gideononline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Gideon-Graphs.pps.
--
communicated by:
Dr Steve Berger
Geographic Medicine
Tel Aviv Medical Center
<mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Berger for his continuing contributions. - Mod.LL
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: http://healthmap.org/r/1wa6.]
See Also
Plague, fatal - Uganda: (AW) RFI 20120213.10399222011
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Plague, pneumonic - Madagascar (05): (AV) 20111014.3088
Plague, pneumonic - Madagascar: (Antsiranana) RFI 20110220.0555
2010
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Plague - Tanzania: (MY), RFI 20101222.4508
2009
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Plague - Congo DR: (OR) 20090927.3381
2008
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Plague, pneumonic, fatal - Congo DR: (Orientale), susp. 20080213.0571
Plague, fatal - Madagascar (02): (Antananarivo) 20080114.0177
Plague, fatal - Madagascar: (Antananarivo), RFI 20080111.0141
2007
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Plague, fatal - Uganda: (Arua, Nebbi), RFI 20071206.3932
Undiagnosed deaths - Zambia (02): pneumonic plague susp. 20071130.3862
Plague, bubonic, fatal - Tanzania (Manyara) 20070328.1064
Plague - Uganda (Masindi) (03): pneumonic 20070309.0835
Plague - Uganda (Masindi): pneumonic 20070301.0725
Undiagnosed deaths - Uganda (Masindi): RFI 20070227.0698
2006
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Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Orientale) (03): WHO 20061108.3208
Plague, pneumonic - Uganda (Arua) 20061020.3022
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Orientale): susp., RFI 20061004.2837
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Ituri) (05): susp., RFI 20060929.2786
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Ituri) 20060614.1650
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