Published Date: 2012-03-22 21:31:31
Subject: PRO/EDR> Pertussis - Australia (04): newly emerging clones, discussion
Archive Number: 20120322.1078115
PERTUSSIS - AUSTRALIA (04): NEWLY EMERGING CLONES, DISCUSSION
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Date: Thu 22 Mar 2012
From: Dr. Frits Mooi [edited]
<Frits.Mooi@rivm.nl>
The Australian study is important and it confirms European studies in which this strain has been linked to pertussis outbreaks. The strain is not "new," however, and was 1st identified in 2004 in the Netherlands (1). On the basis of a mutation in the pertussis toxin promoter region, we designated this strain the P3 strain (or lineage) and showed that it produced higher levels of pertussis toxin compared to the strains it replaced (2).
The emergence of P3 strains was found to be associated with increases in pertussis notifications in Finland and the Netherlands (2). We also found that the P3 strains have a global distribution and very likely evolved recently (3 and unpublished data). The association of P3 strains with pertussis outbreaks in various parts of the world underlines the importance of high vaccine coverage, especially with respect to infants and it also indicates that we need better pertussis vaccines (4, 5).
References:
1. Schouls LM, van der Heide HG, Vauterin L, Vauterin P, Mooi FR: Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Dutch _Bordetella pertussis_ strains reveals rapid genetic changes with clonal expansion during the late 1990s. J Bacteriol. 2004;186: 5496-5505.
2. Mooi FR, van Loo IHM, van Gent M, et al:. _Bordetella pertussis_ strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15: 1206-13.
3. van Gent M, Bart MJ, van der Heide HG, et al: SNP-based typing: a useful tool to study _Bordetella pertussis_ populations. PLoS One 2011;6:e20340.
4. Mooi FR, van Oirschot H, Heuvelman K, et al: Polymorphism in the _Bordetella pertussis_ virulence factors P69/pertactin and pertussis toxin in The Netherlands: temporal trends and evidence for vaccine-driven evolution. Infect Immun. 1998;66: 670-75.
5. Mooi, FR: 2010. _Bordetella pertussis_ and vaccination: the persistence of a genetically monomorphic pathogen. Infect Genet Evol 20910;10: 36-49.
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Dr. Frits R Mooi
Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
<Frits.Mooi@rivm.nl>
[ProMED thanks Dr. Mooi for his comments and wishes to recognize the seminal work from his group regarding this field. It is becoming more apparent that alterations in the pertussis vaccine and/or vaccination schedule may be necessary. - Mod.LL]
See Also
Pertussis - Australia (03): newly emerging clones 20120321.1076103Pertussis - Australia (02): (QL) 20120316.1071497
Pertussis - Canada: (BC) 20120229.1055490
Pertussis - Australia: (WA) 20120111.1007036
2011
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Pertussis, fatal - Chile: (BI) 20111206.3541
Pertussis - New Zealand 20111030.3227
2010
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Pertussis - Australia: (QL) 20101021.3809
Pertussis - New Zealand: (CA) 20100626.2133
Pertussis - Congo DR: (KO) 20100428.1372
2009
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Pertussis - Australia (02): (SA) 20091108.3876
Pertussis - Australia: (SA) 20091107.3842
Undiagnosed resp. deaths - Nicaragua: (JI), pertussis, susp., RFI 20090404.1306
2006
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Pertussis - Papua New Guinea (East Sepik) 20060612.1641
2005
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Pertussis, fatal - Afghanistan (Daykundi) 20050125.0274
2003
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Pertussis - Sudan (Equatoria): conf. (03) 20031008.2530
Pertussis - Sudan (Equatoria): susp. 20031003.2488
2002
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Pertussis - USA ex Russia (04) 20020514.4201
Pertussis - USA ex Russia 20020510.4152
Pertussis, worldwide increase, change in epi. (02) 20020506.4110
Pertussis, worldwide increase, change in epi. (03) 20020506.4117
Pertussis, neurological complications - RFI 20020506.4118
Pertussis, worldwide increase, change in epi. (04) 20020506.4119
Pertussis, worldwide increase, change in epidemiology 20020503.4084
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