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Published Date: 2012-05-27 21:34:29
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Equine infectious anemia - Belgium: (LG), OIE
Archive Number: 20120527.1146923

EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA - BELGIUM: (LIEGE), OIE
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Date: 23 May 2012
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly
disease information 2012; 25(21) [edited]
http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=11976

Equine infectious anaemia, Belgium
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Information received on [23 May 2012] from Dr. Pierre Naassens, Directeur Sante des Animaux et Securite des Produits animaux/ CVO, Direction Sante des Animaux et Securite des Produits animaux, Agence Federale pour la Securite de la Chaine Alimentaire, Bruxelles, Belgium

Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Start date: [10 May 2012]
Date of 1st confirmation of event: [15 May 2012]
Report date: [23 May 2012]
Date submitted to OIE: [23 May 2012]
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: [December 2010]
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Equine infectious anaemia virus
Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to: the whole country

New outbreaks
Outbreak 1 FLEMALLE, LIEGE
Date of start of the outbreak: [10 May 2012]
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm

Affected animals
Species: Equidae
Susceptible: 13
Cases: 1
Deaths: 0
Destroyed: 1
Slaughtered: 0

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: Unknown or inconclusive

Control measures
Measures applied
Quarantine
Movement control inside the country
Screening
No vaccination
No treatment of affected animals

Measures to be applied
No other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type: Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA - CERVA) (National laboratory)
Species: Equidae
Test: Coggin's test
Test date: [15 May 2012]
Result: Positive

Future Reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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[A summary of the the disease was provided by Mod. AS in Equine infectious anemia: UK ex Romania 20100121.023 as part of an interesting and extensive comment. It is copied below:

"Infectious equine anaemia (EIA) or "swamp fever" is a virus disease of horses causing intermittent fever, anaemia, emaciation, and death. It can be transmitted by mechanical transfer of blood by biting insects and occurs typically in low-lying swampy areas. The disease was 1st described in France in 1843. The term "swamp fever" was 1st used by Torrance in 1903 in Canada, where this disease had been known before 1882. Although the infectious nature of this disease had long been suspected, a viral case was not definitely established until 1904. The virus was classified as a retrovirus in 1976 and later grouped with the lentiviruses (that is, non-tumour forming exogenous retroviruses) of which the human AIDS virus is also a member. As in other lentivirus infections, animals remain infected for life. EIA has a worldwide distribution. Early in the 20th century serious outbreaks occurred in France, Japan, and America. During the decade 1980 to 1989 the disease was reported in many parts of America, Asia (India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand), Europe (Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, USSR, and Yugoslavia), and Australia."

Since that posting between 2010 and the beginning of 2012, countries in Europe have continued to have problems with outbreaks of EIA and include the following according to the OIE WAHID database:

Belgium 7 outbreaks
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia 8 outbreaks
France
Germany 30 outbreaks
Greece
Hungary 21 outbreaks
Italy 182 outbreaks
Latvia
Romania (epicenter) 3780 outbreaks
Russia 105 outbreaks
Serbia
Slovenia
United Kingdom 3 outbreaks

The interactive map of the ProMEDmail/healthmap of Liege in Wallon region of Belgium available at http://healthmap.org/r/2rq6 - Mod.PC]

See Also