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PLAGUE, FATAL - MADAGASCAR: (ANTANANARIVO), REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
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[1]
Date: Fri 11 Jan 2008
Source: L'Express de Madagascar (transl. - Mod.LM) [edited]
<http://www.lexpressmada.com/display.php>
The district of Manjakandriana has been confronted with the bubonic
plague. With the last information communicated by the service of the
transmissible disease, the disease has killed, up to now, 3 people.
In addition to a 38-year-old man, an inhabitant of Manankasikely and
dead on 5 Jan 2008, a 12-year-old is also dead in Ambohitseheno. The 3rd
victim lived in the rural district of Ambatolaona, and his death
occurred in December 2007.
Moreover, as of 10 Jan 2008, 4 men and a woman are under treatment in
the hospital complex of the district.
"The rats haven't been beaten down. We have rushed a medical team to
Manjakandriana to address the situation," said Dr. Rolland Robinson,
chief of the service of the Emergenies and Transmissible Diseases within
the Ministry of Health, Family Planning and Social Protection.
In all the cases, the killing of rats are not done, because "that
supports the profusion of the fleas and, so the recrudescence of the
malady," said Dr. Robinson. He encourages the cleansing of the places
and the insecticide use.
[Byline: Fanja Saholiarisoa]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED Rapporteur Dan Silver
[3 deaths are reported in this press posting but 18 deaths are noted in
the web posting below. ProMED would appreciate learning more
information regarding this outbreak.
Madagascar was the location of the isolation of multi-antimicrobial
resistant _Y. pestis_ in 1995 (Galimand M, Guiyoule A, Gerbaud G, et al:
Multidrug resistance in _Yersinia pestis_ mediated by a transferable
plasmid. N Engl J Med 1997;337: 677-81). The strain was resistant to
chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline but sensitive to
fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim as well as other aminoglycosides. This
was an ominous observation, however, it is not clear if this naturally
occurring strain has persisted or spread.
Manjakandriana is an administrative region in the central Madagascar
province of Antananarivo. The area can be found on a map of the island
at:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antananarivo_Province>. - Mod.LL]
******
[2]
Date: Wed 9 Jan 2008
Source: Les dessous d'information mondiale [edited]
<http://eldib.wordpress.com/2008/01/10/2175/>
At least 18 people have died of bubonic plague on the East African
island of Madagascar in the past 10 days, and at least 5 patients are
still in hospital. Bubonic plague is caused by the _Yersinia pestis_
bacillus carried by rat fleas.
At the start of the rainy season, currently, rats flee the sewers of
Madagascar in massive numbers and take refuge in people's cottages.
[The following paragraph of this posting is from 1998 (Chanteau S,
Ratsifasoamanana L, Rasoamanana B, et al: Plague, a Reemerging Disease
in Madagascar. Emerg Infect Dis 1998;4: 101-104:
"Between 1930 and 1990, bubonic plague had "virtually disappeared" on
the island due to efficient pest-control and good health-management.
However since 1990, an annual 200 cases are being reported and bubonic
plague takes on epidemic form especially in the port of Mahajanga each
year. In the capital city of Antananarivo more cases are also being
notified each year since 1990. Madagascar (pop. 13 million) has
accounted for 45 percent of all the cases of plague in Africa."
- Mod.LL]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[see also:
2007
----
Plague, fatal - Uganda: (Arua, Nebbi), RFI 20071206.3932
Undiagnosed deaths - Zambia (02): pneumonic plague susp. 20071130.3862
Plague - Uganda (Masindi) (03): pneumonic 20070309.0835
Plague - Uganda (Masindi): pneumonic 20070301.0725
Undiagnosed deaths - Uganda (Masindi): RFI 20070227.0698
2006
----
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Orientale) (03): WHO 20061108.3208
Plague, pneumonic - Uganda (Arua) 20061020.3022
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Orientale): susp., RFI 20061004.2837
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Ituri) (05): susp., RFI 20060929.2786
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Ituri) 20060614.1650
2005
----
Undiagnosed deaths - Congo DR (Maniema) (08): pneumonic plague susp
20050905.2625
Undiagnosed deaths - Congo DR (Maniema): hem fever susp, RFI
20050805.2274
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (07): (North East) 20050315.0754
Plague, pneumonic - Congo DR (Ituri) 20050218.0537
2004
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Plague - Congo DR (Ituri): susp. 20040730.2083
Plague - Uganda (Arua, Nebbi) 20040112.0128
2003
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Plague - Uganda (Arua, Nebbi) (02): background 20031013.2584
Plague - Uganda (Arua, Nebbi) 20031012.2566
Plague - Uganda (Arua) 20030331.0794
2002
----
Plague - Uganda (Nebbi District): RFI 20021218.6090
Plague - Uganda (Arua, Nebbi) 20021130.5938
Plague, bubonic - Malawi (Nsanje) 20020601.4378
Plague, bubonic - Malawi, Mozambique 20020510.4160
1997
----
Yersinia pestis, antibiotic resistance - Madagascar 19970905.1911
1996
----
Plague - Madagascar 19961023.1790
1995
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Plague - Madagascar (3) 19951011.0935
Plague - Madagascar (press report) 19950922.0873]
......................ll/lm/ejp/lm
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