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MEASLES - CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTATIONS
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A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 14 Apr 2009
From: Steve Berger
<mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
A case imported from India into the United States [see: Measles -
USA: (PA) ex India, alert 20090412.1397] is the latest in a growing
list of cross-border measles episodes. The following is a chronology
of notable outbreaks reported during the past decade. (Source:
Gideon:
<http://www.gideononline.com/blog/2009/04/13/measles-outbreaks-associated-with-imported-cases/>).
1998 - An outbreak (69 cases, 2 hospitalized, 0 fatal) in Tuvalu was
ascribed to introduced cases among workers from Nauru.
1998 - An outbreak (33 cases) was linked to an infected visitor
arriving to Alaska, United States from Japan.
1999 - An outbreak (75 confirmed cases) in Australia was traced to an
index case from Indonesia.
2000 - Outbreaks (78 cases, total) in Canada were linked to travel in
Mexico (6 cases), Bolivia (19 cases) and Belgium (25 cases).
2000 - An outbreak (992 cases, or 57 percent of all cases for the
Americas region) in Haiti was thought to have originated with
imported cases from the Dominican Republic.
2000 to 2001 - An outbreak (1062 cases, 0 fatal) was reported in
Tanzania among refugees from Burundi.
2001 - An outbreak (37 cases) in Venezuela was ascribed to a case
imported from Europe.
2001 - An outbreak (14 cases) in the United States was reported among
internationally-adopted children.
2002 - An outbreak (1334 suspect cases; 128 confirmed) in Colombia
was traced to index patients who had acquired the disease in
Venezuela.
2002 - An outbreak (13 cases) in the United States resulted from a
case imported from the Philippines.
2002 - An outbreak (6380 suspect cases; 2397 confirmed) in Venezuela
was traced to measles imported from Europe.
2003 - An outbreak (107 cases) in an unvaccinated religious community
in Israel followed introduction of an index patient from Switzerland.
2003 - An outbreak (22 cases) was reported in Mexico following
importation of measles from either Japan or Korea.
2004 - An outbreak (59 cases) was reported in Mexico following
importation of an index case from Asia.
2004 - A total of 10 confirmed cases were identified among Chinese
children (from Hunan) arriving to the United States, and 3 Chinese
children arriving to Norway.
2004 - An outbreak (5 cases) was reported among American children
living in a military community in Germany.
2005 - An outbreak (34 cases) in the United States was related to an
index case who contracted measles in Romania.
2005 - An outbreak (6 cases) in Portugal was related to an index
patient from Romania.
2005 - A total of 2 Spanish travelers developed measles following
return from Thailand and Mozambique.
2005 to 2006 - An outbreak (27 cases) in Mexico was related to index
cases who had worked at an international airport.
2006 - An outbreak (7 cases) in Australia was related to an imported
index case.
2006 - An outbreak (15 cases) in an office building in the United
States was associated with an index case which had arrived from India.
2006 - An outbreak (3 cases) was reported among members of an
adoption group returning to the United States from China.
2006 - An outbreak (44 cases) in Venezuela was ascribed to an index
case arriving from Spain.
2006 - A total of 3 cases of measles in Poland were associated with
an outbreak in Ukraine.
2006 to 2007 - An outbreak (213 cases) in Spain followed importation
of a case from Eastern Europe.
2007 - A case of measles reported in the United States originated in India.
2007 - An outbreak (92 cases) was reported among Irish tourists in
England. Additional outbreaks related to travel in England were
reported among Irish tourists in Norway (15 cases), Belgians (23
cases), Italians (46 cases) and Israelis (3 cases) exposed to
tourists returning from England.
2007 - Quarantine measures were evoked when a child with measles was
discovered in a Japanese tourist about to board an airplane flight
from Canada to Japan.
2007 - An outbreak (6 cases) in the United States was related to an
index case from Japan.
2007 - An outbreak (11 cases) in the Russian Federation was related
to a group of 3 infected patients returning from China.
2007 - An outbreak (90 cases) in Germany was related to 2 index
patients who had returned from Switzerland.
2007 - An outbreak (4 cases) in New Zealand was related to an index
patient who had returned from India.
2008 - An outbreak (12 cases) in the United States was related to an
index patient who had been infected in Switzerland. 16 secondary
cases were reported in Arizona; and 6 additional cases resulted when
an infected infant traveled from the outbreak region (California) to
Hawaii. As of July 2008, 116 cases were imported or related to
imported cases (from Belgium, India, Israel, China, Germany,
Pakistan, the Philippines, and Russia).
2008 - An outbreak (5 cases) in Denmark was related to an index
patient who had returned from India and Nepal.
2008 - An outbreak (259 cases) including 202 in Austria, 53 in
Germany and 4 in Norway was related to attendance at an
anthroposophic school in Austria.
2008 - An outbreak (5 cases) in Sweden was related to an index
patient who had been infected in France.
2008 - An outbreak (109 cases) involving 2 religious schools in
France was related to an index patient who had been infected in
Austria.
2008 to 2009 - An outbreak (6 cases) in a Danish hospital was related
to an index patient who had returned from East Africa.
2009 - Outbreaks (11 cases in 2 outbreaks) in Taiwan were related to
index cases who had visited mainland China.
--
Steve Berger
Geographic Medicine
Tel Aviv Medical Center
<mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
[ProMED-mail thanks Professor Berger for providing this compilation
of measles importations. The primary sources are available on request
from Professor Berger. Further information on many can be obtained
from the ProMED-mail archive at <http://www.promed.org> by keying in
'Measles' followed by 'ex'. This will generate a total of 51
references going back to 1991. - Mod.CP]
..........................cp/ejp/lm
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