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LEPTOSPIROSIS - NEW CALEDONIA (02): BACKGROUND
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A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 7 Apr 2008
Source: GIDEON (Global Infectious Disease & Epidemiology Network) [edited]
<http://www.gideononline.com/blog/2008/04/07/leptospirosis-in-new-caledonia/>
A recent outbreak highlights the fact that New Caledonia has one of
the highest rates of leptospirosis in the Pacific region (see graph
at <http://exhibit.gideononline.com/Leptospira-NC.jpg>). In fact, in
these islands, leptospirosis is more common than salmonellosis,
hepatitis A, hepatitis B, gonorrhea, and tuberculosis (see graph at
<http://exhibit.gideononline.com/Leptospira-NC2.jpg>).
The following background information regarding leptospirosis in New
Caledonia is abstracted from Gideon (<http://www.GideonOnline.com>):
Leptospirosis is most common in west coast cattle-farming areas and
rural Melanesian settings
- disease rates are highest in the Bourail area.
- disease rates peak during March to May.
Notes
-----
- an average of 4 fatal cases are reported yearly.
- 57 cases were diagnosed during 1983 to 1985.
- 239 cases were reported during 2001 to 2005. The principal
serogroups were _icterohaemorrhagiae_ (69 percent), _australis_ (8
percent), and _pyogenes_ (6 percent)
58 percent of cattle are seropositive.
The principal reservoirs in this country are rodents, pigs, horses, and cattle.
Notable outbreaks:
1989 -- An outbreak (144 cases, 6 fatal) was reported, with 41
percent of the cases caused by serovar _icterohaemorrhagiae_.
--
Communicated by:
Dr Steve Berger
Geographic Medicine
Tel Aviv Medical Center
Israel
<mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Berger for his continued contributions. - Mod.LL]
[see also:
Leptospirosis - New Caledonia 20080407.1281
Leptospirosis - Peru: (Loreto), new species 20080407.1279
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20080125.0312
2007
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Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic 20071124.3804
Leptospirosis - Jamaica (02) 20071018.3409
Leptospirosis - Ukraine (Lvov, Kiev, Kherson) 20071018.3401
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20071016.3383
Leptospirosis - China (Hong Kong) 20070821.2725
2006
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Leptospirosis, fishermen - UK ex France (Picardie) 20061029.3101
Leptospirosis - Thailand (Nan) 20060912.2579
Leptospirosis - India (Gujarat): not hantavirus 20060831.2476
Leptospirosis - India (Maharashtra) 20060726.2058
Leptospirosis - India (Kerala) 20060609.1612
Leptospirosis - Tajikistan 20060423.1185
Leptospirosis - Guyana (coastal): susp. 20060131.0313
Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic 20060110.0085
2005
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Leptospirosis, fatal - Venezuela (Carabobo): susp. 20050303.0655
2004
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Leptospirosis, human, canine - USA (TX) (03) 20040911.2527
Leptospirosis, human, canine - USA (TX) (02) 20040907.2499
Leptospirosis, human, canine - USA (TX) 20040904.2472
Leptospirosis, fatal - USA (AS) 20040820.2307
Leptospirosis, fatal - Argentina (Entre Rios) (03) 20040810.2204
Leptospirosis, fatal - Argentina (Entre Rios) (02) 20040807.2166
Leptospirosis, fatal - Argentina (Entre Rios) 20040805.2141
Leptospirosis, fatal - Trinidad & Tobago 20040419.1085
Leptospirosis, fatal - USA: background 20040413.1007
Leptospirosis, fatal - USA (HI) 20040411.0987
2003
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Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka 20031024.2663
Leptospirosis - India (Gujurat) 20030915.2332
Leptospirosis - Russia (Stavropol) 20030801.1887
Leptospirosis - India (Kerala) 20030626.1574
Leptospirosis - Ecuador (Manabi) 20030214.0385
2002
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Leptospirosis, flood-related - Austria (02) 20020920.5366
Leptospirosis, flood-related - Austria 20020919.5358
Leptospirosis - India (Kerala) 20020918.5344
2001
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Leptospirosis - Germany ex Thailand 20011215.3030
Leptospirosis - Portugal (Azores) 20010414.0741
Leptospirosis, Eco-Challenge race - Borneo: 2000 20010119.0153
2000
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Leptospirosis - Thailand 20000908.1535]
...................................ll/mj/dk
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