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LEPTOSPIROSIS - PHILIPPINES (02): BACKGROUND
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A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat 17 Oct 2009
Source: GIDEON (Global Infectious Disease & Epidemiology Network) [edited]
<http://www.gideononline.com/blog/2009/10/17/leptospirosis-in-the-philippines/>
re: ProMED-mail Leptospirosis - Philippines: (MM,RI) 20091016.3561
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A recent outbreak in Manila belies the fact that reported rates of
leptospirosis in the Philippines had actually decreased in recent years.
See graph at
<http://www.gideononline.com/blog/2009/10/17/leptospirosis-in-the-philippines/>.
The following additional background data are abstracted from Gideon
(<http://www.GideonOnline.com>). Primary references are available on request.
Leptospirosis was first reported in the Philippines in 1932.
- 65 cases were documented in literature published during 1932 to 1970; 390
during 1971 to 1973; about 840 during 1998 to 2001.
- leptospirosis is common in flood-prone areas of urban setting such as
Metro Manila.
- the average age of patients is 32 years, 87 per cent of cases were males
and 70 per cent are outdoor workers.
- the case fatality rate is 12 to 14 per cent.
- rates in Cabatuan, Iloilo are estimated at 147 cases per 100 000
population (2007 publication).
Prevalence surveys
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5 per cent of aseptic meningitis cases in Manila (1989 publication).
Seroprevalence surveys
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43.6 per cent of rice farmers in Central Luzon (1988 publication).
0 per cent of dogs (RMAT [rapid microscopic agglutination], 1970 to 1973).
Infecting serovars
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The following serovars of _Leptospira interrogans_ have been demonstrated
among patients in the Manila area: poi, tarassovi, manilai, pyrogenes,
australis, grippotyphosa, javanica, and automnalis.
Notable outbreaks
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1976 to 1983 -- an outbreak of leptospirosis was reported on a penal farm
in Sablayan, Mindoro.
1999 -- an outbreak (17 cases) of leptospirosis involved participants in an
"iron-man contest" -- from Germany, Hong Kong, and the Philippines.
--
communicated by:
Dr Steve Berger
Geographic Medicine
Tel Aviv Medical Center
Israel
<mberger@post.tau.ac.il>
[ProMED-mail thanks Dr Berger for his continued contributions.
Maps of the Philippines can be found at <http://healthmap.org/r/00Wi> and
<http://www.reliefweb.int/mapc/asi_se/cnt/phil/phl_ad.html>. - Mod.ML]
[see also:
Leptospirosis - Philippines: (MM,RI) 20091016.3561
Leptospirosis - India (02) 20090404.1296
Leptospirosis - India: (north), 2007 20090403.1292
Leptospirosis - Fiji (03) 20090225.0772
Leptospirosis - Fiji (02) 20090207.0554
Leptospirosis - Fiji 20090204.0502
2008
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Leptospirosis - Guyana (coastal) 20081231.4131
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (07): (NW) 20081231.4127
Leptospirosis, fatal - UK (02) 20081010.3210
Leptospirosis, fatal - UK: rodent scratch 20081007.3173
Leptospirosis, sea mammals - USA: (CA) 20081003.3125
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (06) 20080927.3058
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (05) 20080922.2984
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (04) 20080909.2810
Leptospirosis - Philippines: (Davao Region) 20080626.1967
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (03): background 20080610.1836
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (02): hantavirus also susp. 20080606.1808
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka: RFI 20080605.1801
Leptospirosis - New Caledonia (02): background 20080408.1291
Leptospirosis - New Caledonia 20080407.1281
Leptospirosis - Peru: (Loreto), new species 20080407.1279
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20080125.0312
2007
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Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic 20071124.3804
Leptospirosis - Jamaica (02) 20071018.3409
Leptospirosis - Ukraine (Lvov, Kiev, Kherson) 20071018.3401
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20071016.3383
Leptospirosis, fatal - Sri Lanka (Matara) 20070914.3051
Leptospirosis - China (Hong Kong) 20070821.2725
Leptospirosis - Argentina (Santa Fe) 20070429.1395
2006
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Leptospirosis - India (Gujarat): not hantavirus 20060831.2476
Leptospirosis - India (Kerala) 20060609.1612
Leptospirosis - India (Karnataka) 20060123.0226]
.................ml/mj/sh
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