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RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM, SURVEY - UNITED KINGDOM
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Date: 9 Jan 2004
From: ProMED-mail<promed@promedmail.org>
Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2003, No. 11 [edited]
2003/166 Survey on _Ralstonia solanacearum_ in United Kingdom: 2003 results
In United Kingdom [U.K.], there have been 5 confirmed outbreaks of
_Ralstonia solanacearum_ [Rs] (EPPO A2 list) in potato crops: 2 in the
Thames Valley (in 1992 and 1995), 2 in Northamptonshire (in 1999), and 1 in
Kent (in 2000). The bacterium has also caused 2 outbreaks in tomato crops
grown at one locality in Bedfordshire (in 1997 and 1998).
All these cases were apparently caused by irrigating crops with water from
contaminated rivers, where the bacterium persists by infecting _Solanum
dulcamara_ (bitter nightshade) with roots in the water.
Monitoring programmes and eradication measures are being applied in U.K.
Since the last outbreak in 2000, Rs has not been detected on crops but only
in watercourses. Results of the 2003 action and survey are presented in
detail on the web site of DEFRA. Numerous herbicide spot treatments were
applied against _S. dulcamara_ along watercourses (4000 in June/July 2003,
and 2000 treatments in September 2003).
Rs was absent in 41 of the 65 sites sampled (63 percent). The bacterium was
found in water samples from 12 water courses (essentially located in the
south and south-east of England).
The situation of Rs in United Kingdom can be described as follows: Present,
the bacterium has been eradicated from solanaceous crops but can still be
detected in a few watercourses.
Source: Web site of Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
(DEFRA), United Kingdom: Potato brown rot: 2003 monitoring programme: Final
results. <http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pbr2.htm>
--
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[In February 2003, Rs race 3, biovar 2, not known to occur in the USA, was
detected and confirmed in geraniums imported from Kenya and eradicated.
Subsequently it occurred again in late December 2003 in geranium imported
from Guatemala. The pathogen causes a wilt disease in several important
agricultural crops such as potato, tomato, pepper, and eggplant. Some
control actions have already taken place, and importations into the United
States have ceased. Primary symptoms of Rs race 3, biovar 2 infection in
geranium are wilting of leaves and/or abnormal yellowing of lower leaves.
Rs can be transmitted through soil, contaminated irrigation water,
equipment, or personnel. Rs does not readily spread from plant to plant via
splashing water, casual contact, or aerially. Spread can be controlled in
greenhouses by application of sound sanitation practices. Rs is thought to
have originated in the temperate highland regions of Peru but has
subsequently spread to Europe, Asia, South and Central America, and
Australia. It has been classified into a number of races and biovars. Most
races of the bacterium, and their associated diseases, appear to be limited
to tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperate climates, and thus pose no
long-term threat to agriculture in cool temperate climates. However, Rs
race 3, biovar 2A, which has a very wide host range, is now considered to
be a quarantine pest in Europe, Canada, and the United States.
Additional references:
<http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ep/ralstonia>
<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/surv/data/ralsole.shtml> - Mod.DH]
[see also:
2003
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Quarantine pests, surveys - Latvia: 2000 20031219.3093
2002
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Quarantinable plant pests - Hungary 20021115.5812
Quarantine plant pathogens, food crops - Spain 20020107.3186
2001
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Ralstonia sp., eradicated - France 20010507.0878
2000
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Ralstonia solanacearum, potatoes - Hungary 20001010.1733
Potato wilt, bacterial (brown rot) - Belgium 20000520.0791
1999
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Ralstonia solanacearum, potatoes - Syria? (02) 19991210.2143
Ralstonia potato wilt, prevention - France 19990820.1441
Ralstonia solanacearum, potatoes - Syria? 19990703.1117
Potato & tomato diseases - Europe 19990524.0863]
........................dh/pg/mpp
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