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AVIAN INFLUENZA, POULTRY VS MIGRATORY BIRDS (03): RUSSIA (TUVA)
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Fri 26 Jun 2009
Source: DEFRA, Global Animal Health - Int Dis Monitoring. Prelim Outbreak
Assessment (VITT/1200) [edited]
<http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/monitoring/pdf/h5n1-russia-090626.pdf>
HPAI H5N1 in wild birds in Russia (final draft)
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1. Disease report
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Russia has reported an outbreak of H5N1 HPAI in 58 wild birds found dead in
Respublika Tyva Region (OIE, 2009) [a map is included at the above URL].
2. Situation assessment
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In February [2009], Hong Kong reported 11 incidents of H5N1 HPAI involving
both wild birds (2 corvids, a heron, and a falcon) and poultry which were
found dead, either washed up along the coast line or inland (OIE, 2009a).
In May [2009], an outbreak of H5N1 HPAI was reported in wild birds at Lake
Qinghai in China (OIE, 2009a). The report suggests that 107 great crested
grebes, 3 bar headed geese, and 11 brown headed gulls were found dead.
Mongolia reported an outbreak of H5 HPAI in migratory whooper swans from
Arkhangai region in May 2009 (OIE, 2009a).
These reports seem to follow a similar pattern that occurred in South East
Asia and southern Siberia in Russia in 2005 (DEFRA, 2005). With a benefit
of hindsight we know that these reports in 2005 signalled the start of a
wider dissemination of HPAI H5N1 to many countries across Europe and Asia.
To what extent the current reports will result in further detections
remains to be seen. It also remains uncertain whether these reports suggest
the re-emergence of the strain similar to that isolated in 2005 or an
involvement of a new strain.
The current level of reported cases, although not as high as those in
2005/2006 are the highest since that period. Previous reports suggest that
more than 6000 wild birds were affected in lake Qinghai in 2005. In 2006
this number was around 900. Numbers in Mongolia were fewer in 2005 and
2006. In 2006 more than 4000 H5N1 HPAI infected grebes were reported from
the area of Uvs Noor lake, Russia. Russia also reported more than 120
outbreaks of H5N1 HPAI in domestic poultry in 6 districts. Dead wild birds
were also reported from the same districts [a map is available at the above
URL].
Following this period, H5N1 HPAI infections were widely reported in Europe,
Asia and Africa during 2006 (OIE, 2006).
Studies on samples collected during the developments in 2005 and 2006
suggested that migratory whooper swans in Mongolia may act as sentinel
species which become infected as a result of contact with other wild birds
(Newman and others, 2009). Further work on a migratory pathway between
Mongolia, Lake Qinghai and Myanmar supports the phylogenetic relationship
between the isolates that were obtained from wild birds from these areas at
that time (Prosser and others, 2009).
There has been an increase in the overall numbers of H5N1 HPAI reported
from domestic poultry during 2009 in South East Asia and Egypt. The
corresponding increase in the number of incidents in wild birds suggests
that surveillance of wild birds in these areas is working.
Many epidemic diseases cycle from one year to the next, often related to
population changes and longevity of immune responses. DEFRA supports a wild
bird surveillance programme in line with European Commission recommendations.
3. Conclusions
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We continue to consider there is an ongoing low risk of a highly pathogenic
avian influenza (of H5 or H7) occurring in the UK domestic poultry and that
this risk has not significantly changed because of the most recent reports.
This emphasises the importance of any poultry keepers to maintain vigilance
for any signs of clinical disease in their birds, promptly report suspected
cases and uphold appropriate levels of biosecurity at any time of the year.
We continue to monitor any further developments and will report on these
outbreaks as necessary.
4. Authors
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Dr Mirzet Sabirovic
Dr Helen Roberts
5. References
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- DEFRA (2005) Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) migratory
waterbirds in Central Asia (an update and commentary).
<http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080107205404/http://defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/monitoring/pdf/hpai-centralasia020905.pdf>
Accessed 26 Jun 2009.
- OIE (2006) OIE Archive of notifiable disease immediate notifications and
follow-up reports.
<http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php> Accessed 26 Jun 2009.
- OIE (2009) Disease Immediate Notification. Highly pathogenic avian
influenza, Russia. Received by email 24 Jun 2009.
- OIE (2009a) Weekly Disease Information.
<http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=weekly_report_index&admin=0>.
Accessed 26 Jun 2009
- Newman SH, Iverson SA, Takekawa JY, Gilbert M, Prosser DJ, Batbayer N, et
al. Migration of whooper swans and outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian
influenza H5N1 virus in Eastern Asia. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e5729.
- Prosser DJ, Takekawa JY, Newman SH, Yan B, Douglas DC, Hou Y, et al.
(2009) Satellite-marked waterfowl reveal migratory connection between H5N1
outbreak areas in China and Mongolia. Ibis (International Journal of Avian
Science). Accessed 1 Jun 2009 [password required]
<http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/user/accessdenied?ID=122389147&Act=2138&Code=4719&Page=/cgibin/fulltext/122389147/PDFSTART>
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Mary Marshall
[see also:
Avian influenza (46): Russia (TU) wild birds, OIE 20090626.2324
Avian influenza (43): China (QH) poultry, wild birds, OIE 20090606.2096
Avian influenza (42): Mongolia (AR) wild birds, OIE 20090603.2057
Avian influenza (40): Mongolia, China, wild birds 20090529.1998
Avian influenza (39): Mongolia (AR) wild birds 20090528.1985
Avian influenza (38): Mongolia (AR) wild birds 20090527.1971
Avian influenza (36): China (QH), wild birds 20090518.1869
Avian influenza, poultry vs migratory birds (02): environ trans 20090414.1418
Avian influenza, poultry vs migratory birds: China (HK) 20090308.0958
2008
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Undiagnosed die-off, wild birds - Mongolia: RFI 20080904.2767
2007
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Avian influenza, poultry vs migratory birds (34) 20070828.2815
2006
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Avian influenza (204) - China (Ningxia, Inner Mongolia) 20061013.2932
Avian influenza (197) - China (Qinghai samples) 20060928.2778
2005
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Avian influenza - Eurasia (21): China, Inner Mongolia, OIE 20051022.3078
Avian influenza - Asia (17): Mongolia, migratory birds, H5N1, OIE
20050902.2597
Avian influenza - Asia (06): Mongolia, migratory birds, H5N1 20050819.2443
Avian influenza, migratory birds - Mongolia: OIE (03) 20050813.2367
Avian influenza, migratory birds - Mongolia: OIE 20050808.2317
Avian influenza, geese - China (02) 20050523.1423]
....................arn/ejp/sh
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