Published Date: 2013-01-18 10:36:42
Subject: PRO/PL> Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB)
Archive Number: 20130118.1503858

STRIPE RUST, WHEAT - INDIA: (PUNJAB)
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A ProMED-mail post
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Tue 15 Jan 2013
Source: The Economic Times [edited]
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-01-15/news/36353212_1_yellow-rust-major-wheat-growing-states-pbw


Fungal disease affects wheat in parts of Punjab
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The yellow rust disease has hit wheat fields in parts of Punjab. The crop is currently in the vegetative growth state with harvesting still 2 months away.

"There is an initial infestation of yellow rust in parts of Balachaur [Nawanshahr district] in Punjab. We are doing extensive surveillance in the submountain region of Punjab and the foothills of Himachal Pradesh [from] where the disease spreads to other regions," said Indu Sharma, Directorate of Wheat Research.

Sharma didn't expect a major spread owing to seed varietal replacement in the high disease risk areas and also due to cool weather conditions prevalent during the sowing period. The governments of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh have been trying to replace yellow rust-prone wheat varieties with new [ones].

In 2012, major wheat-growing states of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand were hit by the disease [see ProMED-mail post 20120122.1017973].

[Byline: Madhvi Sally]

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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>

[Stripe rust (also called yellow rust) of cereals is caused by the fungus _Puccinia striiformis_ var. _striiformis_. The disease affects wheat, some barley varieties, triticale, and a number of wild grasses. It causes yellow leaf stripes and stunting of plants with yield losses of 40 to 100 percent in wheat.

Spores are wind dispersed in several cycles during the cropping season. Between seasons, the fungus survives on living host plants generating a "green bridge". Disease management includes the use of resistant varieties, fungicide applications, and control of volunteer crops.

New stripe rust strains with increased virulence are emerging worldwide. These include strains that show additional fungicide resistances and/or new "virulences" (ability to break down disease resistance conferred by specific host genes). Monitoring and resistance breeding programmes have been established in different regions for early detection of new rust strains and to attempt to stay ahead of pathogen evolution.

In India, the emergence of a new strain was confirmed in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in 2009 and a change of wheat cultivars was recommended to farmers (see ProMED-mail post 20090329.1216). Further outbreaks have occurred since then (see previous ProMED-mail posts listed below), and it is not clear whether this is due to the new varieties not being planted or whether additional fungal strains have emerged.

Maps
India:
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/images/IndiaMap_tourism.gif and
http://healthmap.org/r/2ey1
Punjab districts:
http://www.mapsofindia.com/images2009/printable_maps/punjab_district.gif

Pictures
Stripe rust symptoms on wheat: http://www.grdc.com.au/uploads/images/Stripe%20rust%20Colin%20Wellings%20ACRCP.JPG (leaf) and via
http://wheatdoctor.cimmyt.org/index.php/en/image-galleries/fungal-diseases/stripe-rust
Barley with stripe rust:
http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/Graphics/WAbarleyStripeRust.jpg
Ryegrass with stripe rust:
http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/plant_images/ryegrass_stripe_rust.jpg

Links
Information on wheat stripe rust:
http://pnw-ag.wsu.edu/smallgrains/Stripe%20Rust.html,
http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9918&pf=1&cg_id=0, and
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/158964/stripe-rust-in-wheat.pdf
Stripe rust management:
http://www.grdc.com.au/uploads/documents/striperustmgt.pdf and
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r730100511.html
_P. striiformis_ taxonomy:
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=427989
Definition of strains, pathotypes, and races of rusts:
http://archive.grdc.com.au/director/events/groundcover?item_id=publication-issue53&article_id=482B978094DEDBDD18CDA8C0DCD4F6C2. - Mod.DHA]

See Also

2012
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Stripe rust, wheat & triticale - Switzerland 20121004.1322743
Stem & stripe rusts, wheat: double resistance breeding 20120831.1274190
Fusarium & undiagnosed blight, wheat - China 20120620.1173738
Sclerotinia subarctica, carrot - UK: 1st rep. (HE) 20120503.1121069
Stripe rust, triticale - Denmark: new strain susp 20120426.1114329
Leaf & stripe rusts, wheat - UK: new strains 20120208.1036727
Stripe rust, wheat - India: update 20120122.1017973
2011
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Barley diseases - India: (JK) survey 20111201.3497
Stripe rust, barley - Australia: (NS) 20111103.3270
Stripe rust & foot rot, wheat - USA, UK 20110713.2109
Stripe rust, wheat - India, UK: spread 20110404.1042
Stripe rust, wheat - UK: (England), Claire strain 20110304.0705
Fungal diseases, cereals - Australia: (eastern, south) alert 20110218.0531
Stripe rust, wheat - India: (PB) 20110211.0469
2010
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Stripe rust, wheat - Lebanon 20101121.4214
Stripe rust, wheat - Turkey, Syria 20101021.3815
Stripe rust, wheat - Ethiopia 20100922.3420
Fungal diseases, cereals - Australia: alert 20100825.2989
Stripe rust, soft wheat - Syria (east) 20100609.1930
Stripe rust, wheat - Africa, Asia: new strain 20100531.1803
Stripe rust, wheat - USA: (AR) new strains, alert 20100510.1522
Stripe rust & downy mildew, cereals - USA: (TX) 20100504.1443
Fungal diseases, maize, wheat - USA 20100331.1017
Stripe rust, wheat - India, UK: alert 20100121.0234
2009
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Stripe rust, wheat - Switzerland 20091228.4366
Stripe rust, wheat - UK (03): alert 20091218.4274
Cereal rusts - Australia: (WA) alert 20090820.2948
Stripe rust, wheat - Australia 20090813.2884
Stripe rust, wheat - Canada: (AB) alert 20090724.2614
Fungal diseases, cereal crops - China, Ireland 20090528.1983
Stripe rust, wheat - UK (02): new strain 20090514.1806
Rust diseases, wheat - UK, Pakistan 20090424.1543
Stripe rust, wheat - UK 20090417.1452
Stripe rust, wheat - India: new strain 20090329.1216
Wheat rusts - Kenya, India, Australia 20090312.1019
Rust diseases, wheat, mustard - India: (JK) 20090305.0897
Stripe rust, wheat - China 20090208.0579
and older items in the archives
.................................................sb/dha/mj/dk